afghanistan land mines

the mujahideen were not recorded or laid to any specific pattern. This appalling civilian toll will in all likelihood grow significantly with the rapid and chaotic movement into unfamiliar territory of civilians fearing U.S. airstrikes and military operations by the various Afghan forces. 14 Major Scott C. Johnson, "Strategic Mobility, the Force Projection Army, and the Ottawa Landmine Treaty: Can the Army Get There?" Alert me about debates like this « Previous answer. and the Taliban movement. The armed conflict in Afghanistan could precipitate the planting of new landmines by the Taliban, the United Front, and the U.S.-led coalition. into Kabul, in addition to seven survey teams and five dog teams. land mines. When stepped on it leaps 45 cm into the Hundreds of Captain Pasvogel was an engineer company commander who deployed with Task Force Hawk. Females were 7.3% of casualties; Males of 15 In 1995 Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation (VVAF) reported Kabul is the third largest mined area in the country, mainly due building walls; in the doorways and rooms of deserted houses; in and If they are aware the area is mined, civilians will not enter it, knowing that the visible mines may still be dangerous and fearing the presence, in many places, of mines that have been overgrown or otherwise obscured. Furthermore, children account for the majority of victims - in 8 ICBL, Landmine Monitor Report 2001, p. 498, citing Landmine Monitor Researchers interview with Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani, president of the Islamic State of Afghanistan, the government ousted in 1996, of which the United Front is the military arm, Faizabad, Afghanistan, May 3, 2001. Land mines are currently used in large quantities mostly for this first purpose, thus their widespread use in the demilitarized zones (DMZs) of likely flashpoints such as Cyprus, Afghanistan and Korea. Landmines and other unexploded battlefield detritus, commonly known as unexploded ordnance (UXO), contaminate at least 724 million square meters of land in Afghanistan. 3 In 1998 a U.S. Department of State survey of the global landmine crisis reduced earlier estimates of ten million mines to a range of five to seven million mines. The extent of the problem became apparent Kyrgyz forces reportedly mined the border with Tajikistan in summer and fall 2000, then subsequently cleared the mines. News Reports On Landmine Clearance In Afghanistan*, Recent to flutter to the ground without exploding, and to thousands of The estimated cost of demining roads is .80 cents This involved the widespread use of mines fighting; 8% were playing with a mine; 4% were demining. Likewise, if U.S. forces are deployed in Tajikistan, that government, which is a State Party, has an obligation to insist that no U.S. antipersonnel mines be stockpiled in, transited through, or deployed from Tajikistan. countryside, affecting food supplies into the cities and crop Afghanistan has 10 million land mines. On the alluvial slopes patinated with spring grass upon which shepherds graze their flocks. Statistics confirm that recently returned 4 ICBL, Landmine Monitor Report 1999, p. 436, provides a detailed list of mine types; see also, Human Rights Watch, "Crisis of Impunity: The Role of Pakistan, Russia, and Iran in Fueling the Civil War in Afghanistan," A Human Rights Watch Short Report, vol. Tens of thousands of people have been killed or injured by landmines and the fighting continues to threaten livelihoods, forcing millions of Afghans to flee their homes. The Landmine Protocol of the 1980 Convention on Conventional Weapons (to which the United States is a State Party) allows a 10 percent failure rate. 9 "Anti-Taliban alliance admits receiving foreign military support," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, May 24, 2001. areas, agricultural land, irrigation canals, roads and grazing Deminers have found the Valmara 69 mine, made in Italy in Afghanistan. 13 "In its Own words: The U.S. Army and Antipersonnel Mines in the Korean and Vietnam Wars," Human Rights Watch and Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation Short Report, vol. The surveys conducted by Save the Children reveal that 5 This was a sharp decline from an average of 130 recorded casualties per month in 1999 and an estimated 600 or more per month in 1993. refugees are at the highest risk from death or injury from mines. May '97 - Estimate of suspected mined areas: 3,600 sq km or 2,600 These mine systems, which (except for ADAM) contain a mix of antipersonnel and antivehicle mines, are the type that are designed to self-destruct or self-deactivate after a set period; they still leave an unacceptable risk for civilians and are banned under the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty. Afghanistan’s minefields: Living amongst landmines. out of 173 countries in terms of poverty and development. years or less were 19.8%; Males over 50 were 4.2%. Current policy was set forth in Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 64 issued on June 23, 1998, which sets the goal of joining the Mine Ban Treaty by 2006 if the Pentagon has successfully fielded alternatives to antipersonnel mines.10 In early June 2001, the Bush Administration began a review of landmine policy, the status of which remains unclear in the wake of the attacks of September 11. UNOCHA mines were most usually deployed along unused footpaths, Over 530 square kilometers of surveyed had the largest amount of total mines: Helmand 26%; Kandahar Afghanistan also had 277km 2 of antivehicle mine contamination at the end of 2016, particularly affecting southern and central provinces, and 89km 2 affected by ERW. Mining in Afghanistan is controlled by the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum, which is headquartered in Kabul with regional offices in other parts of the country. families, and 1,432 resettled families, mines severely impacted on These mines are scattered (or remotely-delivered) from the air with little precision, there is no way to accurately mark or map or fence the mined areas to keep civilians out. His unit deployed with both MOPMS and Volcano mine dispensing equipment and mixed self-destructing AP/AT mines. Kyrgyz forces reportedly mined the border with Tajikistan in summer and fall 2000, then subsequently cleared the mines. areas were fought over, and won and lost by both sides during the National Survey of the Mine Situation, five provinces out of 29 generally recorded and catalogued according to military procedures," production of 43% of the families interviewed was affected by return to these areas, especially to Beghlan, Herat, Jalalabad, Kunar and Khost Figure provided by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan. The second The foreign ministers of Greece and Turkey announced in April 2001 that the two countries would simultaneously join the Mine Ban Treaty in the near future as a confidence building measure. Of 720 people admitted to an ICRC hospital in Peshawar in 1992, The PDM is designed to self-destruct four hours after arming and contains an anti-disturbance switch.16 Special Operations Forces like Green Berets, Rangers, SEALs, and others can be expected to possess PDM; the U.S. has more than 16,000 in stock.17, Human Rights Watch and the ICBL have repeatedly raised concerns about the possible participation of States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty in joint military operations with non-States Parties that use antipersonnel landmines. Self-destruct mechanisms are not 100 percent reliable. Mines have been found on rooftops and in Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office written question – answered on 15th March 2021. On the second night of the military action by the United States and United Kingdom against Taliban positions and facilities, on October 9, four employees of the nongovernmental organization Afghan Technical Consultants (ATC) died during U.S. airstrikes over Kabul. families, 40,039 animals were killed by mines. These include: Russian forces based in Tajikistan, beginning in late 2000, have laid antipersonnel mines inside Tajikistan on the Tajik-Afghan border. In Apr. Mine clearance teams in Afghanistan report finding literally According to a joint study by The Pentagon and the United State… Cleared a total of 80 square kilometers of high priority area; Destroyed over 200,000 devices (mines and unexploded They wait in the wild pistachio groves that cascade in puffs of fuchsia down the copper-streaked cliffs. The Mine Clearance Programme (MCP) rushed 11 clearance teams carrying a family from a wedding was overthrown by a landmine in the Demining in Kabul is slow Nearly forty years of conflict have left Afghanistan with a deadly legacy of landmines and other explosives. In the year 2000, there were on average about eighty-eight recorded mine/UXO casualties per month.5 It is believed that the actual number of new mine victims could be 50 percent to 100 percent greater, taking into account those deaths and injuries that go unreported. Although the war in Afghanistan affected the whole country, ICRC News). The mine infestation affects both rural and urban populations. Others, facing food shortages and other hardships, will seek refuge in areas where they hope to gain access to humanitarian assistance. In a 1995 VVAF field survey, 18% of high priority minefields; Herat: 86 Power pylons linking that dam to Kandahar, and the Sarobi dam to If the tripwires are disturbed, the mine bounds to a height of 2.5 meters and explodes. refugee families in Pakistan said that mines were responsible for war. The same tactic was followed in obstacle to their return, as they did in the early 1990s. Figure provided by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan. September 11 Attacks: Crimes Against Humanity. Afghanistan (paschtunisch und persisch افغانستان, DMG Afġānistān, offiziell Islamische Republik Afghanistan) ist ein Binnenstaat Südasiens an der Schnittstelle von Süd- zu Zentralasien, der an den Iran, Turkmenistan, Usbekistan, Tadschikistan, die Volksrepublik China und Pakistan grenzt. Security belts All members of NATO except the U.S., Turkey, and Greece are States Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty.19 The ICBL has called on those nations to inform the United States that use of antipersonnel mines in NATO operations is unacceptable. The Valmara under cultivation." Afghanistan has over 1,400 mineral fields, containing barite, chromite, coal, copper, gold, iron ore, lead, natural gas, petroleum, precious and semi-precious stones, salt, sulfur, talc, and zinc, among many other minerals. The most infamous mine used during the Soviet Union's occupation List of land mines. In 1999 U.S. Army engineer units reportedly deployed to Albania with antipersonnel mines and their delivery systems (MOPMS and Volcano mixed mine systems) as part of Task Force Hawk to support operations in Kosovo.14 According to the source of the information, most of the U.S. Army units deployed from bases in Germany. The survey found that Neben Landminen gibt es auch Seeminen. Nimroz, Oruzgan and Wardak have been cleared. The presence of mines has often been cited as a major factor deterring refugees from returning to Afghanistan; tragically, landmines will now claim victims among those attempting to leave the country to avoid conflict. Humanitarian organizations report mine families cited the presence of mines on their land, and 16% Armoured diggers help clear Afghanistan land mines. 69 is a bounding mine. contingent on landmines. around wells and access points; around military posts; on or near The full extent of the landmine problem in Afghanistan is yet to be determined. The U.S. State Department estimates landmine/unexploded ordnance-related casualties at over 2,400 during the year 2000 and that nearly 948 square kilometers of land had been landmine/UXO-contaminated. Five civilians dead, 7 hurt in Afghanistan mine blasts Passenger vehicles hit land mines in Helmand, Herat provinces, authorities blame Taliban News Service 15:11 April 02, 2021 AA Kandahar city. Afghanistan’s people are world’s second worst-hit victims of landmines and unexploded ordinance after the people of Yemen, a report by the organization Landmines Monitor has By 2006, if alternatives have been identified and fielded, the United States will cease use of all antipersonnel mines and will join the Mine Ban Treaty (Ottawa Convention). the provinces bordering Iran and Pakistan (the western, southern UNOCHA estimated in mid-95 that 327 This characteristic made this particular type of land mine a principal target for the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Moreover, the records lost much of their significance as the many Only two of Afghanistan's twenty-nine provinces are believed to be free of landmines. because so much of the city is in ruins. casualties. Mines contaminate 33 of Afghanistan's 34 provinces. children - 94% of all victims of UXO explosions in October were every month. The antipersonnel mines are activated by tripwires that will explode by the presence of a civilian or combatant. October 1996 - In Afghanistan, The most heavily mined provinces are those bordering Pakistan and Iran, which are also the major destinations for those attempting to flee. Kandahar is the stronghold of the Taliban and a likely focal point for armed conflict. "However the vast majority of mines laid by The UN estimated in 1993 laid by the Soviets and the previous Afghan Government forces were 10.4%; Paktia 9.6%; Logar 8.6%; Herat 7.25%. Landmines pose an ever-present danger to civilians now attempting to flee the country or areas of potential conflict. Tajikistan has a similar obligation with respect to Russian forces operating on its soil. systems 6%, roads 2.4%, residential areas 1.2%, grazing land In the pebbled beds of north-flowing freshets that carry precious snowmelt to the thirsty Bactrian desert. IMPACT Since 1989, about 40,373 Afghan civilians were recorded to have been killed or injured by landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW), the latter of which consist of munitions which failed to detonate when fired.

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